Obermiller: Zur Bestimmung des Nicotins im Tabakrauch. Habermann, J.: Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cigarrenrauches Z. Johnson, S.W.: Experiments in Growing Tobacco with Different Fertilizers in: Annual Report of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station for 1892, State of Connecticut, New Haven, CT, USA, 1893, pp. UCSF Library: Truth Tobacco Industry Documents. Knebel: Micronucleus Induction in V79 Cells after Direct Exposure to Whole Cigarette Smoke Mutagenesis 13 (1998) 145–149. #BECKER SATORI X 100 ISO#International Organization for Standardization (ISO): International Standard ISO 3308:1991 – Routine Analytical Cigarette-Smoking Machine - Definitions and Standard Conditions 3 rd edition, ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1991. Available at: Search in Google Scholarġ2. The Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility for the Measurement of Nicotine-Free Dry Particulate Matter (NFDPM), Nicotine, Water Using CORESTA Recommended Methods 7, 8, 21, 22, 23 and 25 CORESTA, 1991. Task Force on the Review of Smoking Methods: CORESTA Report 1991-1. International Organization for Standardization (ISO): International Standard ISO 3308:1977 – Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Routine Analytical Cigarette-Smoking Machine - Definitions, Standard Conditions and Auxiliary Equipment ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1977. Federal Trade Commission (FTC): Cigarettes – Testing for Tar and Nicotine Content Federal Register 32 (1967) 11178. Ferri: The Design of an Automated Syringe-Type Smoking Machine Tob. Bock: Experience with the Large Scale Production of Cigarette Smoke Condensate Using the Process and Instruments Automatic Smoking Machine presented at the 13 th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Lexington, KY, USA, Abstract 7, 1959. Application to Analysis of Cigarette Smoke Anal. Harlow: Determination of Particulate Matter in Concentrated Aerosols. J.: Carcinogenic Agents Present in the Atmosphere and Incidence of Primary Lung Tumours in Mice Brit. Zebrowski, E.v.: Zur Frage vom Einfluß des Tabakrauches auf Tiere Centralbl. Zeise, W.C.: Untersuchung der Producte von der trockenen Destillation des Tabaks und über die chemische Beschaffenheit des Tabakrauchs Justus Liebigs Ann. The review is completed by the examination of the considerable variety of mainstream smoke collection devices (filters and traps) developed over time - some for very specific purposes - and refers to the perpetual problem of artifact formation by aging.ġ. Covered as well is the field of in vitro toxicity testing, including the increasingly informative new techniques of air-liquid interface exposure, which are becoming more and more refined with the use of organotypic cultures and genetic analyses. The standardization of machine smoking methods and test pieces has solved several technical problems and produced sensible rules but, at the same time, given rise to new controversies like the compatibility of artificial and human smoking, and the implementation of more intense machine smoking regimes.Īdequate space is allotted for the discussion of configurations for in vivo smoke exposure of rodent and non-rodent species and the machines generating the required smoke (condensate). Systems for the large-scale production of smoke (condensate) for preparative work are equally considered. The intriguing development of smoking machines (mainly for cigarettes) is followed for more than 170 years - from the first simple set-ups in the 1840s to the sophisticated and fully automated analytical smoking machines available today. The objective of this review is to support tobacco scientists when evaluating information published on smoking machines, and on cigarette mainstream smoke ( in vivo and in vitro) exposure systems and collection devices.
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